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Thread: Pachinko Evolution

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    Default Pachinko Evolution

    Glossary
    Renpatsushiki- repeating type or successive shots type
    Junkanshiki- cyclical type or rotary type
    Mujinki- unmanned machine
    Komono- gadget; small article; accessory

    1946- 1964 From Komono to the Masamura Gauge

    Showa 21--> Showa 39
    After the war, the 9 year period from Showa 21 until the Renpatsushiki was disallowed in Showa 29 was what could be called the Pachinko industry’s period of rapid growth. With such new machine types as the “All 15”, “All 20”, “Renpatsushiki”, and “Junkanshiki”, the progress of Pachinko machines was striking. Although the “Yakumono #1” was also developed during the slump period that followed the banning of the Renpatsushiki, when all is said and done, the “Masamura Gauge” invented by Masamura Takeichi and the “Mujinki” invented by Shimizu Kazuji were the great inventions that laid the foundations for the development of today’s Pachinko industry. It was the Pachinko industry’s first golden age.
    *bara-kugi- spread-out nails
    *Komono* The oldest type of Pachinko machine, the Komono was a pioneer of Pachinko after the war. These machines were called “bara-kugi* on account of the approximately 340 nails uniformly arrayed on the front of the board, and in comparison to present day boards it took longer for balls to become out. There are 25 prize pockets in total, with balls entering the pockets awarding 3 balls for an upper tier pocket, 2 in the middle tier and 1 in the bottom tier. At a time when light color tones were mainstream, the vivid (although by now it has faded) orange cell sheet was beautiful, and the frame really had the feeling of being hand-made and possessed of a certain warmth. (Showa 21, Masamura Shokai)
    *Medal-type* Medal-type Pachinko existed before the war, and for a while after the war it was still the more common type. Surprisingly, there was a concentration of makers in Nagano prefecture, and the area around Matsumoto and Ueda was the center. When medals are inserted into the hole on the right, the balls that the player will fire come out, and winners are rewarded with medals instead of balls. Colorful flower hattari decorated the prize pockets and made it fun. As for prizes, 1 medal was worth 2 yen. (Showa 26, Heiwa Kogyo)
    *Lottery* Inspired by the “Revival Lottery” that debuted in Showa 21, this machine displayed 0*1*2*3 in the upper area of the board, and when balls entered prize pockets flags would stand in the top windows. When a set of 4 flags was made, 50 prize balls would come out as a special prize. The board surface was made of tin plate, giving these machines the image of being the heavy tanks of Pachinko. (Showa 22, Masamura Shokai)
    *Note:The pics are not necessarily in the order of the individual descriptions above.
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    Default Re: Pachinko Evolution

    *All 10* “All” refers to machines in which a set number of prize balls are dispensed no matter which prize pocket a ball enters. This machine was invented by Nagasaki Kazuo and dispenses 10 prize balls. The notable thing about this machine is how the gauge is different. Unlike the aforementioned bara-kugi, nails are arrayed in various shapes. This altered the flight duration and movement of the balls, and the charm of Pachinko was thus increased. One is tempted to call this gauge a “Masamura Gauge,” but they are not quite the same. This gauge lacks the 4 Tenkugi. Consequently, it is called; or rather I should like to call it an “Incomplete Masamura Gauge”. (Showa 24, Takeuchi Seisakusho)
    *All 15* The number 1 machine with regards to hattari. Hattari, also known as menko, refers to the decorated tin cover for prize pockets. Penguins, polar bears, seals and their chilly, happy friends play on the marine blue cell. (Showa 25, maker unknown)
    *All 15* This is truly the archetype of the “Masamura Gauge”. Please examine it carefully. This gauge was invented by Masamura Takeichi who is called “The God of Pachinko.” Thanks to the development of this gauge and the pinwheel, balls’ trajectories changed greatly and Pachinko became much more entertaining. A great invention of such a caliber as to warrant a Nobel Prize, this gauge established the style used in today’s Pachinko gauges. (Showa 26, Masamura Shokai)
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    Default Re: Pachinko Evolution

    Presently there are all sorts of machines from All 60 at the highest, to the 8 shaped Double, to the ones in which if the player scores while balls remains in the center pocket many balls can be won, but the most popular must be the All 10s, 15s and 20s with 4 pockets total, with one pocket in heaven, 1 on either side and 1 at the bottom that are arranged so that balls enter from a straight drop. However, some of the machines that have come out since February have displaced the straight drop courses to either side, so to see through this it is recommended that you bend down and look at the board carefully.”
    This is a section of the article “Unforgettable All 60 Pachinko” from the Showa 27 May issue titled “Gambling Japan” of the monthly magazine “White and Black”. It tells the story of how the development of new machines is an important factor in the popularity of Pachinko; a fact that is as true today as it was then. In this same way Mammoth Hall with its 1000 Pachinko machines and 150 employees also came to be.
    “Pachinko’s popularity has to do with how tight money’s been for everyone…” says one Osaka man in the Pachinko business. A café that was in business for 20 years on Dotombori, the street of red lights and blue lights 1 went out of business in the bad economy. But “Kenroku-san”, a man who always looked for ways to profit even in his failures, cleverly swam with the current by changing his vocation to that of Pachinko parlor owner. His parlor is a gorgeous establishment that with a staff of 150 and 1000 machines would be more appropriately called a “Pachinko Department Store” or “Pachinko Palace”, that from 1 PM to 11PM is filled with the ringing sounds of Pachinko being played by the over 20,000 customers that come each day. The manic song of the Pachinko balls tells us the astute way the people of Osaka City have of looking at entertainment- if the economy is bad, you should still have fun; just have it cheaply. (“Sun Graph” May 31, Showa 27)
    It has even come to the point that the following was written in the opening section of the special feature “When will it go out of style? Pachinko/ Economic Analysis of the Fever Definitive Edition!!” that appeared in the Showa 27, September 7 issue of “Weekly Sunkay”.
    “While it is true that Pachinko is very popular among the working class, today’s Pachinko must also be the most universally popular form of entertainment since the very beginning. The popularity of Pachinko grew at a snail’s pace over the first 20 years since it first appeared but suddenly last fall Pachinko swept over society like a fever that has yet to break. How long could this fever last?


    *All 10, with hattari* (P.8) It seems that it has been standard practice to take character designs from period pieces and comics for a long time. Isshin Tarou’s face is unique and interesting. According to what we have heard from one employee of a Pachinko maker, there were some struggling artists that drew the pictures for hattari to make ends meet. (Showa 27, Toyokuni Games)
    *Dendenmushi (Snail)* As with the “All 10” on P.8, there is a ball-supplying mechanism located in the middle right of the frame. The mechanism is semi-automatic and connected to the firing mechanism, and balls can be fired one at a time. This machine was named after the snail-like shape of the inside of the ball-supplying mechanism. This was an important step towards later repeating types.
    *All 15, with viewing window* A cute machine with a fashionable pinwheel on a chrome yellow cell. The case is apparently not that “when you see something cute you want to sneak a look at it”, but in any case there is a viewing window on the right through which you can see balls that have entered holes. (Showa 27, Kansai Games)
    *Foul Rail included* The rail that allows missed balls to return to the firing port or exit to the bottom tray instead of entering the out hole is called the Foul Rail. The image of the craftsmen who repeatedly make changes to various parts and work to make further developments seems to come to mind. (Showa 27, Toyokuni Games)
    *The "snail" description refers to the inside bottom of the metal cup on the right side of the white-celled machine. The spiral in the bottom of it guides balls down to the hole and resembles a snail shell.
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    Default Re: Pachinko Evolution

    *Dendenmushi, Foul Rail included* The revolving ball supply mechanism (snail) and foul rail combined in one machine. If you look closely you can see that pictures of flowers are drawn directly on the prize pockets. A representative example of the fresh and pleasant style of board. (Showa 28, Kansai Games)
    *High-speed Multigrooved Revolving Type* Describing this is as difficult as the name. It is basically the same as the renpatsushiki, but there is a wide horizontal window located underneath the armor in the center. Prize balls divided into several lines can be seen, and one line of balls (in this case 20) comes out whenever a player wins. This characteristic stands out when so many other machines have the prize balls packed in a circle. (Showa 27, Daiichi Games)
    *All 20 Renpatsushiki* Called the machinegun type, this machine is deserving of commemoration because it became the model for today’s renpatsushiki machines. It was invented by Kikuyama Tokuharu and Takeuchi Kohei. There is a dish for game balls attached to the lower front part of the machine, and the ball insertion port was removed from the right side of the frame. It is set up so that whenever a player pulls the handle, the next ball is set in the firing location. However, this renpatsushiki which brought groundbreaking progress to the industry was sadly banned after only 2 years for the reasons of players losing a lot of money at one time and it being considered to fan players’ gambling spirits. This ban caused a panic in which 70% of the industry either went out of business or changed profession. (Showa 28, Toyokuni Games)
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    Default Re: Pachinko Evolution

    More to come including a vintage with a simple yet ingenious way of foiling cheating via magnets and why not many machines were made with vertical and horizontal lines. Anybody have ideas as to why that might be? Post some guesses in the meantime.
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    Default Re: Pachinko Evolution

    I knew as most of us do, how popular pachinko is in Japan. No surprise there but what I didn't realize was just how pervasive it is in Japanese society. I can't think of a parallel in the Western world. The amount of laws enacted to ban or control certain features on machines and parlors is very interesting and is a result of the massive amounts of time and money spent on this diversion. The following articles outline a few laws passed and mention briefly Japan's emergence from the post-war era.
    It was Showa 31 when people began saying that it was no longer the post-war period. The revival from the ruin caused by war was finally coming along. Television, which had at that time not yet spread to private homes, arrived on the scene, and excited people thronged in front of street televisions and in bars and restaurants that installed televisions to draw in customers whenever pro wrestling or boxing was broadcasted. Electrical appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines and vacuum cleaners started to spread, multi-unit apartments were built, and eventually it came to be that people began using the phrase “multi-unit apartment tribe”. With the debut of “Shukan Shincho” the curtain rose on a new age of weekly newsmagazines. As all of this was happening, the Pachinko industry faced a new situation. It was the “renpatsushiki ban”.

    “With the entry of the machinegun type and electric type, the transformation of Pachinko machines seemed to know no bounds. However, in the end, the law banning the use of repeating type game machines was passed (Showa 29, November), and the industry was overturned in an uproar” (Amusement Centers: Then and Now). “25 Year History of the All-Japan Gaming Industry Union Federation”
    What was the renpatsushiki really like? The article “Topical Explanation- The True State of Affairs of Pachinko” from the November 9th issue of the “Mainichi Shimbun” had this to say.
    “’Tantashiki’ (‘single/multiple type’; possibly because multiple actions are necessary to fire a single ball) refers to the machines that were in use up until the summer of last year. The player inserts balls to be fired into the hole above the handle one at a time with his left hand while he fires them with his right. With the recent renpatsushiki, the player fills the machine with tens of balls at a time and rapidly fires them with his right hand. Very recently in such locations as Ginza and Yurakucho a high speed rotary type with a motor called ‘dendoshiki’ (electric type) has debuted.
    With these new machines, the rate of ball consumption jumps up to 5 to 8 times that of tanpatsushiki (single shot type), and with 300 or 500 yen, the balls runs out in no time. Furthermore, with machines that give out lots of balls, 1000 to 2000 balls can rapidly pour out. What this means is that a player can win so many balls at one time that if he changed them into prizes he wouldn’t be able to carry them home, resulting in players exchanging the balls for cash at the store front.”

    Study of Modern Societies- Pachinko- 2
    The Appearance and Banning of Renpatsushiki
    Kameoka Sanai
    Let’s look at how the mass media handled the ban.
    “’This spring, since making the switch to renpatsushiki machines, profits of parlors increased by 50%. Due to that, our workload was also significantly increased. You work for 13 hours in a day and go to sleep dead tired; there’s no time left for fun.’
    These lamentations came from Mr. H (31), an employee at a Shinjuku pachinko parlor. He had formerly worked for a public corporation but was fired when he became sick and rested for 3 years. He entered the world of pachinko to put food on the table.
    At a pachinko parlor after the closing time of 11:30 PM, the various jobs that finish the day include polishing the balls, cleaning the machines and floors and calculation of the day’s proceeds, and it’s punishing work for the already tired out employees.” (“Weekly Asahi” Showa 29, November 19th issue)
    Furthermore, the “Mainichi Shimbun” Showa 29, November 19th editorial titled “In Order to Create a Healthy Society” had this to say
    “Pachinko was just a mild nuisance in the beginning, but today’s pachinko has become a social phenomenon that we can no longer ignore. Pachinko parlors have shown up everywhere and they open for business early in the day. They suck up the wages for a day’s work in the time it takes to blink. The new type of business that is “prize buying” was created, and we hear that gangster organizations have even sprung up centered on pachinko parlors. The family tragedy of pachinko being raised as the reason for divorce cases being taken to family courts has become not uncommon. In these ways pachinko has become a hotbed of social ills.”
    In this way, renpatsushiki came to be banned on April 1 of the following year of Showa 30.
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    *Rotary Ball Supply Type* Some readers may be thinking that this is the snail type all over again. As a matter of fact that is precisely true, but the pursuit of fine aesthetics is another goal of this book. This machine which I selected for the design of its center case has drawn on it the patterned profile of a woman. The aesthetic sense of this machine, unified in shades of purple, represents the cutting edge of what was popular at the time. (Showa 29, Suzuki Shokai)

    *Large Chucker included* There is a chucker larger than the usual prize pocket located below the center case. Balls could enter it easily, and this machine was correspondingly popular. (Showa 32, Toyokuni Games)

    *Jin-mitt* A famous machine produced by Nishijin that makes longtime fans shed tears of nostalgia. Called the first yakumono, it was the new star after the renpatsushiki ban. The idea behind this machine was, “It would be a waste not to use the space in the center case, so why don’t we put a prize pocket there?” The machine has a prize pocket below the center case and a bridge that spans the area above the pocket. It is set up so that fired balls pass over the bridge, and while some balls simply pass by, other balls fall into the prize pocket, bringing thrills and suspense to Pachinko. It was named with the wish to catch in hand the benefits of the Jinmu economy (1950-1553 economic boom named after the first emperor of Japan). Shimizu Kazuji’s design. (Showa 32, this machine is from Takeuchi Shokai)
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    *Comic Gate* Arriving on the scene slightly later than the Jin-mitt, this machine also became quite popular. In contrast to the Jin-mitt’s placement of the yakumono at the lower end of the center case, this machine has a window at the center case’s upper end. It is set up so that the pinwheel (or windmill- they are written the same way in Japanese) spins when a ball enters at the top. It is appreciated as the first machine to add movement to the yakumono.

    *Comic Center* The name is different but this machine functions identically to the Comic Gate. The difference between the machines that characterizes this machine is the wider prize pocket for the yakumono, which increased the chance of winning and delighted players. This machine also has a fan that spins when a ball enters the yakumono. It is uncertain as to whether this had the effect of cooling hot players’ faces. The name Comic apparently refers to these yakumono, but when we asked industry insiders why, they did not know the reason for the name. (Showa 33, Nagoya Ginza)

    *Rekonjisuta- Mammoth* (This first word was made up for the name of this machine. Unfortunately the etymology is not explained.) The masterpiece “Mujinki (unmanned machine)” designed by Shimizu Kazuji. On the surface there is no difference between this and other machines, but a revolutionary function was adopted on the reverse side of the machine. Automatic ball supply freed Pachinko parlor employees from the reverse side of machines and allowed the streamlining of personnel. The machine arrangement known as “Ittakujima (line of one choice” also came to be as a result of the development of this machine. (Showa 35, Nishijin)
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    Thumbs up Re: Pachinko Evolution

    Wow - fantastic and comprehensive first hand history of the earliest vintages in their classes, direct from the best source.

    Thank you for spending the time and your own considerable amount of money to get all this translated, for the benefit of the entire pachinko community.

    This is the gold standard for early vintage knowledge in English, and should be stickied, IMHO.

    There is always another machine around the corner...

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    Default Re: Pachinko Evolution

    Thanks for the kudos. Actually you're part of the reason and deserve the credit since I am using the translator you put me in contact with. I have some more info to post but unfortunately it's fairly expensive to translate even with the discount I am getting. Eventually I'll get it all done. The book has so much info in it. There's lots of tables and pictures with extensive captions as well as all the machine write ups and covers machines to 1984. I have another book as well with hundreds of machines in it and that needs to be converted to English as well. As far as I know these posts are the only English history of pachinkos so it's a great resource and hopefully everybody will take the time to read it.
    Hanabi has made it a sticky (thanks again) and in my opinion, is some of the most important information concerning our hobby not to mention the most fascinating.
    I knew I had to post this since I may be the only person in the foreseeable future able to provide this info simply because the book is so rare and the translator knows a little bit about pachinko so it makes the translations make sense.
    Last edited by emmadog; 03-27-2012 at 08:35 PM.
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    Default Re: Pachinko Evolution

    Quote Originally Posted by emmadog View Post
    in my opinion, is some of the most important information concerning our hobby not to mention the most fascinating.
    I knew I had to post this since I may be the only person in the foreseeable future able to provide this info simply because the book is so rare and the translator knows a little bit about pachinko so it makes the translations make sense.
    You're right - I'm sure it is currently the only English resource for Vintage history.

    We have trained our translator well, you and I, over the years. Although he seems to be getting a LOT more work from you than me!
    There is always another machine around the corner...

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    i don't have the info translated for these beautiful machines. one is a Nishijin, a Hokuku, and not sure of the other manufacturer. the purple one has a very cool nail pattern at the bottom of the cel.
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    *Type 3- Satellite Automatic Single Shot * The type 3 is a rotary type machine like the type 2, but it differs in that it can fire balls at a rate of one ball per 2 seconds. It was called “satellite” because balls were set in the firing position without any direct hand contact. The center case is decorated with a flying white dove and the word “Peace,” written in the same font as the cigarettes. (Peace is a Japanese cigarette brand) I guess the world has gradually become more peaceful. Incidentally, the price of a pack of Peace cigarettes back then was 40 yen. (Showa 32, Takeya Shokai)

    *2-Stage Board Type* At a glance this machine looks much like the type 2, but in actuality they are completely different. The board is divided into a forward and a back stage and both have prize pockets. The movement of the balls changes from 2 dimensional to 3 dimensional, making this machine quite entertaining. However, owing to its 2 stage construction the machine is quite thick, which was problematic in that the machine took up a lot of space.
    *Dad, you won* Shimizu Kazuji certainly thought up a unique name for this machine. The name isn’t the only unique feature, as the center is set up so that when a ball enters a prize pocket a “dad” doll pops out. Furthermore, there is a small hole containing a thin wire located between the nails by the prize pocket. When a magnet is brought close the wire end comes out of the hole and stops balls. In this way this machine also has an anti-cheating measure. (Showa 34, Nishijin)
    **This is the one I referred to in an earlier post with the anti-cheating device. Simple and clever and also interesting that it is not seen on more machines. Maybe cheating was never a large problem. It's the machine in the 3rd pic and if you look closely, the small holes for the anti-cheat pins can be seen just above the 5 bottom pockets.
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    Default Re: Pachinko Evolution

    Quote Originally Posted by emmadog View Post
    *High-speed Multigrooved Revolving Type* Describing this is as difficult as the name. It is basically the same as the renpatsushiki, but there is a wide horizontal window located underneath the armor in the center. Prize balls divided into several lines can be seen, and one line of balls (in this case 20) comes out whenever a player wins. This characteristic stands out when so many other machines have the prize balls packed in a circle. (Showa 27, Daiichi Games)

    51 - F.jpg
    That is the first Daiichi model that was made. Company started in 1951 and the date of that machine is 1951. ...

    James here is another to add to your site. Unless you want me to do the write up and email it to you.

    100 machines and counting...

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    *Zero* The center yakumono called “Comic” changed with the times. Furthermore, it became an important point to the Pachinko machine makers to try to capture the needs of the consumer. This “Zero” combines the center yakumono of the previously mentioned machines called “Comic Gate” and “Comic Center”. It is a greedy machine, having a large window above and a small window below. However, what I would like for you to pay special attention to here is not the functional aspect of this machine but rather the design of the board face. The pattern is comprised of horizontal and vertical straight lines. Nowadays this is held to be taboo. The reason for this is that horizontal and vertical lines make it easy to determine whether the gauge is good or bad. (Showa 37, Heiwa Kogyo)

    *Unipack* This was the first machine to utilize a plastic frame construction. It is a double gate machine, functionally identical to the “Zero,” and it can be said that it proved the continuing popularity of that design. (Showa 39, Heiwa Kogyo)
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    Default Re: Pachinko Evolution

    1964-1979
    The Birth of Tulip Machines and the Electric Type
    (Showa 39-54)
    The “Tulip”, invented by Mr. Tatematsu and Mr. Narita and produced at the Narita factory, came to be in the year of Showa 35. The tulip is the physical result of working to realize the proposition of making a prize pocket that overtly changes when a ball enters it and then rewards the player with another ball. It spread throughout Japan in Showa 39 and stirred up a Tulip Boom. With the revival of the repeating type in Showa 44 and the development of the electric type in Showa 47, the Pachinko industry entered into its second golden age.

    *Lower Tulip* It hardly needs saying that the yakumono is vital to Pachinko, and that it is an important element in determining whether any given machine will become a hit or a homerun. The tulip was an invention more amazing than Yoshinoya’s beef bowl, along the lines of a comeback homerun with the bases loaded to win the game. This machine is from the early period of the tulip, and in aspects other than the tulip itself and the jellyfish located above it, it retains the image of pre-tulip pachinko machines. (c. Showa 39, Daiichi Shokai)

    *Lower Tulip* Another important thing that came about at the same time as the tulip is the jellyfish (kurage). The term jellyfish refers to the 2 swaying legs (?) which are found above the tulip. They have the role of guiding balls. The rate of balls entering the pocket jumped up as a result of this jellyfish. This machine is also a simple tulip model, with its notable feature being the flashiness of the center case. Design-wise the pattern is also interesting. (Showa 41, New-gin)

    *Lower Tulip* The top prize pockets on this machine are not in fact pockets but rather entrances to a gutter that guides balls to lower holes. There is space between the lower holes and the actual prize pockets at the bottom of the board, so it is possible for balls that enter the upper pockets to subsequently enter the real prize pockets. (Showa 41, Daiwa Seisakusho)
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    Pachi Puro emmadog's Avatar
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    Default Re: Pachinko Evolution

    *Genroku* This machine is lacking in notable features other than the jellyfish in the top area, but strangely enough it gives the impression of being a perfect example of the tulip machines of yesteryear. However, it’s surprising that with this machine all of a sudden you have a name like “Genroku.” From around the time of this machine, pachinko companies began using proper nouns for the names of new models. Not only that, the names were always old-fashioned. To give a few examples, the countless such names used include Utamaro, Hikaru Genji, Asuka, and Horyuji. The names used today seem wimpy in comparison. (Showa 42, Heiwa Kogyo(

    *Straight Tulip* It is uncertain whether this machine’s arrival on the scene was meant to say “What’s wrong with having tulips outside of the center?”, but whatever the case may be, it is a good thing to have tulips on straight machines. On top of that, this even has a comic gate… yes, it’s a good thing. (Showa 42, Takeya Shokai)

    *Straight Tulip* This is another machine with 2 tulips, but please notice the small pinwheel in heaven (Ten; at the top of the board). The cel is unified in a solid green, making this a quite beautiful machine.
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    Default Re: Pachinko Evolution

    Couldn't figure out the brand name on the green cell one?

    100 machines and counting...

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    It says Toyo Kogyo on the badge at lower left and on the center feature it says Toyo Industries Ltd.
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    *Center Monapet* With this machine, the center case itself has become the yakumono, and balls fly in from above and below the jellyfish lookalikes. Moreover, there is a revolving Monapet at the top of the case that drops balls down to the tulip below. Also, the area below the Ten-ana (safe holes in the heaven area) is a gauge similar to what is found in present day one-shot machines. This gauge is also arranged to let balls fly in, but this being from the good old days happily shows in the widely spread open nature of the gauge. (Showa 44, Heiwa Kogyo)

    *Apollo* In a sudden change, this time the theme is a space ship. Strictly speaking however, this machine is a test run for the “Apollo 5000” that would be announced at a later date. In the year of Showa 44, the repeating type returned for the first time in 15 years, and this machine arrived as a modification of “Genroku,” with an added flow tray and a brand new design. (Showa 44, Heiwa Kogyo)

    *Center Flower* This center yakumono called “Flower” was the machine that appeared most often in the manga “Kugishi Sabuyan (Nail Master Sabuyan)” (Writer: Gyujiro/ Artist: Big Jo/ serialized in Kodansha). Balls can drop straight down into prize pockets from heaven, but balls coming from the sides can frustratingly drop off to the outer sides. (c. Showa 44, Takao)
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